springer.com Website Information
Daily Unique Visits: 4,822,362
Daily Page Views: 38,578,896
Income Per Day: $38,579
Estimated Value: $41,665,320
This website is located in Netherlands and is using following IP address 195.128.8.134. See the complete list of popular websites hosted in Netherlands.
springer.com is registered under .COM top-level domain. Please check other sites in .COM zone.
Website springer.com is using the following name servers:
- pdns1.ultradns.net
- pdns2.ultradns.net
- pdns5.ultradns.info
- pdns6.ultradns.co.uk
- pdns3.ultradns.org
- pdns4.ultradns.org
and is probably hosted by Springer Nature B.V.. See the full list of other websites hosted by Springer Nature B.V..
The highest website springer.com position in Alexa rank database was 199 and the lowest rank position was 2013. Current position of springer.com in Alexa rank database is 316.
Desktop speed score of springer.com (56/100) is better than the results of 30.56% of other sites and shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
Mobile usability score of springer.com (90/100) is better than the results of 31.63% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.
Mobile speed score of springer.com (44/100) is better than the results of 24.22% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
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springer.com Alexa Rank
The traffic rank is based on three months of aggregated historical traffic data from millions of Alexa Toolbar users and is a combined measure of page views and users.
springer.com whois
WHOIS gives you the ability to lookup any generic domains to find out the registered domain holder. WHOIS database are provided for information purposes only. It allows the public to check whether a specific domain name is still available or not and to obtain information related to the registration records of existing domain names.
Domain Name: SPRINGER.COM
Registry Domain ID: 2157059_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.eurodns.com
Registrar URL: http://www.EuroDNS.com
Updated Date: 2020-05-22T03:24:22Z
Creation Date: 1997-05-29T04:00:00Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2021-05-28T04:00:00Z
Registrar: EuroDNS S.A.
Registrar IANA ID: 1052
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: legal@eurodns.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +352.27220150
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: PDNS1.ULTRADNS.NET
Name Server: PDNS2.ULTRADNS.NET
Name Server: PDNS3.ULTRADNS.ORG
Name Server: PDNS4.ULTRADNS.ORG
Name Server: PDNS5.ULTRADNS.INFO
Name Server: PDNS6.ULTRADNS.CO.UK
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2021-04-24T20:27:09Z
Registry Domain ID: 2157059_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.eurodns.com
Registrar URL: http://www.EuroDNS.com
Updated Date: 2020-05-22T03:24:22Z
Creation Date: 1997-05-29T04:00:00Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2021-05-28T04:00:00Z
Registrar: EuroDNS S.A.
Registrar IANA ID: 1052
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: legal@eurodns.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +352.27220150
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: PDNS1.ULTRADNS.NET
Name Server: PDNS2.ULTRADNS.NET
Name Server: PDNS3.ULTRADNS.ORG
Name Server: PDNS4.ULTRADNS.ORG
Name Server: PDNS5.ULTRADNS.INFO
Name Server: PDNS6.ULTRADNS.CO.UK
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2021-04-24T20:27:09Z
springer.com server information
Servers Location
springer.com desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2016-06-12
Desktop Speed
Bad
56/100
springer.com Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 23Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
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priority - 19Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 186.9KiB (66% reduction).
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Compressing http://www.springer.com/spcom/js/oldbrowser.js could save 9.3KiB (54% reduction).
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priority - 12Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 4 blocking script resources and 2 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
http://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googlea…ry/1.9.1/jquery.min.js
http://cdn.optimizely.com/js/262426511.js
http://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googlea…/1.2.17/angular.min.js
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=201606061500-13
http://cdn.optimizely.com/js/262426511.js
http://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googlea…/1.2.17/angular.min.js
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Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/modern_sprcom….css?r=201606061500-13
http://www.springer.com/spcom/css/vendor/font-awes….css?r=201606061500-13
http://www.springer.com/spcom/css/vendor/font-awes….css?r=201606061500-13
priority - 11Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
http://springer-www.baynote.net/r/springer-www/custom-script.js (expiration not specified)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/gen_images/sprite…sprite-s6ff8e4df61.png (expiration not specified)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/images/bg.png (expiration not specified)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googlea…/1.2.17/angular.min.js (expiration not specified)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googlea…ry/1.9.1/jquery.min.js (expiration not specified)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/watermark.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/dailydeal/clock.svg (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/logo-print.gif (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/js/oldbrowser.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/logo.png (expiration not specified)
http://cdn.optimizely.com/js/262426511.js (2 minutes)
http://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-38BW (16.2 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/201606061500-13/header.prod.js (16.6 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=201606061500-13 (21.3 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/print.css?r=201606061500-13 (21.5 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/modern_sprcom….css?r=201606061500-13 (22.5 minutes)
http://dnn506yrbagrg.cloudfront.net/pages/scripts/0017/0661.js?407141 (60 minutes)
http://s3.amazonaws.com/ki.js/47412/9CC.js (60 minutes)
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http://springer-www.baynote.net/baynote/tags3/comm…ed&onFailure=undefined (7.7 hours)
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http://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googlea…/1.2.17/angular.min.js (expiration not specified)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googlea…ry/1.9.1/jquery.min.js (expiration not specified)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/watermark.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/dailydeal/clock.svg (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/logo-print.gif (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/js/oldbrowser.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/logo.png (expiration not specified)
http://cdn.optimizely.com/js/262426511.js (2 minutes)
http://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-38BW (16.2 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/201606061500-13/header.prod.js (16.6 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=201606061500-13 (21.3 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/print.css?r=201606061500-13 (21.5 minutes)
http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/modern_sprcom….css?r=201606061500-13 (22.5 minutes)
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http://s3.amazonaws.com/ki.js/47412/9CC.js (60 minutes)
http://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
http://springer-www.baynote.net/baynote/tags3/comm…ed&onFailure=undefined (7.7 hours)
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http://images.springer.com/sgw/books/small/978-3-319-25566-8.jpg (5 days)
http://images.springer.com/sgw/books/small/978-3-658-12532-5.jpg (5.7 days)
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priority - 7Reduce server response time
priority - 6Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 3 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
http://springer.com/
http://www.springer.com/?referer=springer.com
http://www.springer.com/
http://www.springer.com/gp/
http://www.springer.com/?referer=springer.com
http://www.springer.com/
http://www.springer.com/gp/
priority - 3Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 25.9KiB (38% reduction).
Minifying http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/modern_sprcom….css?r=201606061500-13 could save 25.9KiB (38% reduction) after compression.
priority - 2Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 15KiB (20% reduction).
Minifying http://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=201606061500-13 could save 10.2KiB (20% reduction) after compression.
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springer.com Desktop Resource Breakdown
| Total Resources | 146 |
| Number of Hosts | 56 |
| Static Resources | 39 |
| JavaScript Resources | 18 |
| CSS Resources | 3 |
springer.com mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-12-02
Mobile Speed
Bad
44/100
springer.com Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 56Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 4 blocking script resources and 2 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/google…ry/1.9.1/jquery.min.js
https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8206940298.js
https://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/google…/1.2.17/angular.min.js
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=SNAPSHOT
https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8206940298.js
https://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/google…/1.2.17/angular.min.js
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=SNAPSHOT
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/modern_sprco…rontend.css?r=SNAPSHOT
https://www.springer.com/spcom/css/vendor/font-awesome.min.css?r=SNAPSHOT
https://www.springer.com/spcom/css/vendor/font-awesome.min.css?r=SNAPSHOT
priority - 35Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 3 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
http://springer.com/
http://www.springer.com/
https://www.springer.com/
https://www.springer.com/us
http://www.springer.com/
https://www.springer.com/
https://www.springer.com/us
priority - 24Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://cdn.akanoo.com/t/88467d50d7cf.js (expiration not specified)
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https://s.marvellousmachine.net/ (expiration not specified)
https://springer-www.baynote.net/r/springer-www/custom-script.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/gen_images/sprit…sprite-s970352aafb.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/images/bg-mobile-menu.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/images/bg.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/google…/1.2.17/angular.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/google…ry/1.9.1/jquery.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/bg-mobile-header.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/logo_sprite_high_res.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/dailydeal/clock.svg (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/logo-print.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/lo…pringernature_dark.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/logo.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-1381312.js?sv=5 (60 seconds)
https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8206940298.js (2 minutes)
https://images.springer.com/_default (5 minutes)
https://script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0017/0661.js?437573 (5 minutes)
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js (5 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/gtm/js?id=GTM-NC7…78.1575264961&aip=true (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/183016…3392?v=2.9.14&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://bat.bing.com/bat.js (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/SNAPSHOT/header.prod.js (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/modern_sprco…rontend.css?r=SNAPSHOT (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/print.css?r=SNAPSHOT (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=SNAPSHOT (30 minutes)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/min/springer.components.js (30 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/plugins/ua/ec.js (60 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
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https://cdn.cookielaw.org/skins/5.6.0/default_flat…ack/v2/css/optanon.css (4 hours)
https://springer-www.baynote.net/baynote/tags3/com…ed&onFailure=undefined (7.7 hours)
https://px.adhigh.net/p.js (expiration not specified)
https://s.marvellousmachine.net/ (expiration not specified)
https://springer-www.baynote.net/r/springer-www/custom-script.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/gen_images/sprit…sprite-s970352aafb.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/images/bg-mobile-menu.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/images/bg.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/google…/1.2.17/angular.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/google…ry/1.9.1/jquery.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/bg-mobile-header.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/logo_sprite_high_res.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/dailydeal/clock.svg (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/images/cms/logo-print.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/lo…pringernature_dark.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/sites/sgw/images/logo.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-1381312.js?sv=5 (60 seconds)
https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8206940298.js (2 minutes)
https://images.springer.com/_default (5 minutes)
https://script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0017/0661.js?437573 (5 minutes)
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js (5 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/gtm/js?id=GTM-NC7…78.1575264961&aip=true (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/183016…3392?v=2.9.14&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://bat.bing.com/bat.js (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/SNAPSHOT/header.prod.js (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/modern_sprco…rontend.css?r=SNAPSHOT (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/print.css?r=SNAPSHOT (30 minutes)
https://static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=SNAPSHOT (30 minutes)
https://www.springer.com/spcom/min/springer.components.js (30 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/plugins/ua/ec.js (60 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/576b8520-2cc6-4e55-b8a5-1259ebe5cc15.js (4 hours)
https://cdn.cookielaw.org/skins/5.6.0/default_flat…ack/v2/css/optanon.css (4 hours)
https://springer-www.baynote.net/baynote/tags3/com…ed&onFailure=undefined (7.7 hours)
priority - 18Enable compression
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priority - 6Optimize images
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priority - 1Minify JavaScript
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priority - 1Minify CSS
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springer.com Mobile Resource Breakdown
| Total Resources | 101 |
| Number of Hosts | 48 |
| Static Resources | 52 |
| JavaScript Resources | 33 |
| CSS Resources | 4 |
springer.com mobile page usability
Last tested: 2019-12-02
Mobile Usability
Good
90/100
springer.com Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 6Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
The tap target
<button class="pillow-btn-hea…-btn-processed">Search</button> is close to 1 other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/us/behavioral-sciences">Behavioral Sciences</a> and 25 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/us/climate">Climate</a> and 6 others are close to other tap targets.priority - 3Size content to viewport
The page content is too wide for the viewport, forcing the user to scroll horizontally. Size the page content to the viewport to provide a better user experience.
The page content is 422 CSS pixels wide, but the viewport is only 412 CSS pixels wide. The following elements fall outside the viewport:
The element
The element
The element
The element
The element
The element
The element
The element
The element
The element
The element
<div class="section-header">Read and buy</div> falls outside the viewport.The element
<div class="section-header">Publish and review</div> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="//resource-cms…omepage-teaser"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<h3>Submit an article</h3> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>Your research in our journals</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<div class="section-header">Partner with Springer</div> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="//resource-cms…omepage-teaser"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>Access product…d order online</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<div class="section-header">Features and services</div> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="//resource-cms…omepage-teaser"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>Check the stat…oy free access</p> falls outside the viewport.springer.com HTML validation
Warnings
The “type” attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.
Line: 8 Column: 1 - 123
"...IE=edge"> <script type="text/javascript" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googleapis/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></scri..." Line: 9 Column: 1 - 148
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="angular-script" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googleapis/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.17/angular.min.js"></scri..." Line: 10 Column: 1 - 112
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="script--1908162026" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=SNAPSHOT"></scri..." Line: 17 Column: 1 - 54
"...endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" id="baynote-rec-track"> /*<![..." Line: 22 Column: 1 - 51
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cm-context-url"> /*<![..." Line: 44 Column: 1 - 31
".../script> <script type="text/javascript">shared..." Line: 58 Column: 1 - 31
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript"> appDa..." Line: 65 Column: 1 - 31
"...nager --> <script type="text/javascript">(funct..." Line: 96 Column: 1 - 54
"...default"> <script type="text/javascript" id="trackedAffiliates"> /*<![..." Line: 103 Column: 1 - 77
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js"></scri..." Line: 114 Column: 1 - 107
"... <header> <script type="text/javascript" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/min/SNAPSHOT/header.prod.js" defer="defer"></scri..." Line: 476 Column: 1 - 85
"...v> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/spcom/min/springer.components.js" defer="defer"></scri..." Line: 1007 Column: 1 - 31
"...r> <div> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![C..."
"...IE=edge"> <script type="text/javascript" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googleapis/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></scri..." Line: 9 Column: 1 - 148
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="angular-script" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/js/vendor/googleapis/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.17/angular.min.js"></scri..." Line: 10 Column: 1 - 112
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="script--1908162026" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/min/prod.js?r=SNAPSHOT"></scri..." Line: 17 Column: 1 - 54
"...endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" id="baynote-rec-track"> /*<![..." Line: 22 Column: 1 - 51
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cm-context-url"> /*<![..." Line: 44 Column: 1 - 31
".../script> <script type="text/javascript">shared..." Line: 58 Column: 1 - 31
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript"> appDa..." Line: 65 Column: 1 - 31
"...nager --> <script type="text/javascript">(funct..." Line: 96 Column: 1 - 54
"...default"> <script type="text/javascript" id="trackedAffiliates"> /*<![..." Line: 103 Column: 1 - 77
"...</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js"></scri..." Line: 114 Column: 1 - 107
"... <header> <script type="text/javascript" src="//static.springer.com/spcom/min/SNAPSHOT/header.prod.js" defer="defer"></scri..." Line: 476 Column: 1 - 85
"...v> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/spcom/min/springer.components.js" defer="defer"></scri..." Line: 1007 Column: 1 - 31
"...r> <div> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![C..."
Errors
A “charset” attribute on a “meta” element found after the first 1024 bytes.
Line: 29 Column: - 21
"... charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="..."
"... charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="..."
Using the “meta” element to specify the document-wide default language is obsolete. Consider specifying the language on the root element instead.
Line: 74 Column: 1 - 52
"...mation;"> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en_US"> <meta..."
"...mation;"> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en_US"> <meta..."
An “img” element must have an “alt” attribute, except under certain conditions. For details, consult guidance on providing text alternatives for images.
Line: 108 Column: 1 - 46
"...ger.com"> <img src="/spcom/images/cms/logo-print.gif" /> www.s..."
"...ger.com"> <img src="/spcom/images/cms/logo-print.gif" /> www.s..."
Element “style” not allowed as child of element “div” in this context. (Suppressing further errors from this subtree.)
Line: 135 Column: 1 - 7
"...-34-0-0"> <style> /*<![..."
"...-34-0-0"> <style> /*<![..."
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springer.com Ping
Ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer that are echoed back to the source.
springer.com TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route (path); the sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. Traceroute proceeds unless all (three) sent packets are lost more than twice, then the connection is lost and the route cannot be evaluated.