RHUL.AC.UK Royal Holloway, University of London

rhul.ac.uk Website Information

Daily Unique Visits: 86,891

Daily Page Views: 521,346

Income Per Day: $1,043

Estimated Value: $750,960

This website is located in United Kingdom and is using following IP address 134.219.202.248. See the complete list of popular websites hosted in United Kingdom.

rhul.ac.uk is registered under .UK top-level domain. Please check other sites in .UK zone.

Website rhul.ac.uk is using the following name servers:

  • egm-2.rhul.ac.uk
  • egm-1.rhul.ac.uk
  • gm-1.rhul.ac.uk

and is probably hosted by Jisc Services Limited. See the full list of other websites hosted by Jisc Services Limited.

The highest website rhul.ac.uk position in Alexa rank database was 15518 and the lowest rank position was 16653. Current position of rhul.ac.uk in Alexa rank database is 16506.

Desktop speed score of rhul.ac.uk (68/100) is better than the results of 47.59% of other sites and shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.

Mobile usability score of rhul.ac.uk (100/100) is better than the results of 100% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.

Mobile speed score of rhul.ac.uk (52/100) is better than the results of 37.6% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.

Advertisement

rhul.ac.uk Alexa Rank

The traffic rank is based on three months of aggregated historical traffic data from millions of Alexa Toolbar users and is a combined measure of page views and users.


rhul.ac.uk whois

WHOIS gives you the ability to lookup any generic domains to find out the registered domain holder. WHOIS database are provided for information purposes only. It allows the public to check whether a specific domain name is still available or not and to obtain information related to the registration records of existing domain names.


Domain name:
ac.uk

Registrant:
The JNT Association

Registrant type:
Other

Registrant's address:
Lumen House
Library Avenue
Harwell
Didcot
OX11 OSG
GB

Registrar:
No registrar listed. This domain is directly registered with Nominet.

Relevant dates:
Registered on: before Aug-1996
Registration status:
No registration status listed.

Name servers:
ns0.ja.net.
ns2.ja.net.
ns3.ja.net.
ns4.ja.net.
auth03.ns.uu.net.
ns1.surfnet.nl.
dns-3.dfn.de.

WHOIS lookup made at 18:43:02 20-Sep-2024

--
This WHOIS information is provided for free by Nominet UK the central registry
for .uk domain names. This information and the .uk WHOIS are:

Copyright Nominet UK 1996 - 2024.

You may not access the .uk WHOIS or use any data from it except as permitted
by the terms of use available in full at https://www.nominet.uk/whoisterms,
which includes restrictions on: (A) use of the data for advertising, or its
repackaging, recompilation, redistribution or reuse (B) obscuring, removing
or hiding any or all of this notice and (C) exceeding query rate or volume
limits. The data is provided on an 'as-is' basis and may lag behind the
register. Access may be withdrawn or restricted at any time.

rhul.ac.uk server information

Servers Location

rhul.ac.uk desktop page speed rank

Last tested: 2016-10-14


Desktop Speed Medium
68/100

rhul.ac.uk Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 15Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://ad.sxp.smartclip.net/img/trpx.gif (expiration not specified)
https://load.s3.amazonaws.com/pixel.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…thena-swan-award-1.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…7-cropped-190x1452.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…te-cropped-364x328.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…e/estatemodel-crop.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…ts-cropped-190x145.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/default-listing-img.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/footer-buttons.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/royalhollowaylogo.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/search-button.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…s/sprite-followus1.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/square-arrow-off.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Styles/600-Print.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/graphics/2016/cufflinks.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandeve…ng-cropped-364x328.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/staff/assets/img/n…st-cropped-364x328.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studyhere/graphics…er-cropped-190x145.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WV4V85 (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://mathid.mathtag.com/d/i.js (60 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)

priority - 13Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 124.9KiB (66% reduction).

Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1862398&build=831596 could save 64.2KiB (63% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…sion=3305&build=831596 could save 22.2KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…ersion=76&build=831596 could save 16.4KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1860894&build=831596 could save 14.5KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2640100&build=831596 could save 4.6KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing https://pixel.mathtag.com/event/js?01AD=3tNALBjkky…aW51eCB4ODZfNjR8%22%7D could save 1.2KiB (55% reduction).
Compressing https://pixel.mathtag.com/event/js?01AD=3tNALBjkky…&s2=&s3=&mm_bnc&mm_bct could save 1.1KiB (56% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2613462&build=831596 could save 632B (61% reduction).

priority - 12Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 15 blocking script resources and 6 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…033345293&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…033345293&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1862398&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…ersion=76&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2640100&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/MenuF…n=1865010&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2607673&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1860894&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2417848&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1865353&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…sion=3305&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2613462&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…1&t=635793063671809273
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/ScriptResource.axd…0X46LYxVX81&t=72e85ccd
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/ScriptResource.axd…jMYcPGFugJ0&t=72e85ccd

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…647449?version=2647449
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/menuf…633150?version=2633150
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…861499?version=1861499
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…on=16570?version=16570
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Style…278976?version=2278976
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Style…178778?version=1178778

priority - 3Avoid landing page redirects

Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.

Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.

http://rhul.ac.uk/
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/home.aspx

priority - 2Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 22.7KiB (18% reduction).

Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandeve…ng-cropped-364x328.jpg could save 17.3KiB (20% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…thena-swan-award-1.png could save 4.8KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/footer-buttons.gif could save 587B (22% reduction).

priority - 1Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 11.4KiB (34% reduction).

Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…647449?version=2647449 could save 10.6KiB (35% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/menuf…633150?version=2633150 could save 772B (24% reduction) after compression.

priority - 1Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 5.6KiB (26% reduction).

Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2640100&build=831596 could save 1.6KiB (24% reduction).
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1865353&build=831596 could save 1.5KiB (31% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2417848&build=831596 could save 755B (50% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…033345293&build=831596 could save 657B (33% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://pixel.mathtag.com/event/js?01AD=3tNALBjkky…aW51eCB4ODZfNjR8%22%7D could save 621B (28% reduction).
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…1&t=635793063671809273 could save 524B (12% reduction) after compression.

rhul.ac.uk Desktop Resource Breakdown

Total Resources112
Number of Hosts39
Static Resources41
JavaScript Resources25
CSS Resources8

rhul.ac.uk mobile page speed rank

Last tested: 2016-10-14


Mobile Speed Bad
52/100

rhul.ac.uk Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 48Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 15 blocking script resources and 6 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…033345293&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…033345293&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1862398&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…ersion=76&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2640100&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/MenuF…n=1865010&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2607673&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1860894&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2417848&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1865353&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…sion=3305&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2613462&build=831596
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…1&t=635793063671809273
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/ScriptResource.axd…0X46LYxVX81&t=72e85ccd
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/ScriptResource.axd…jMYcPGFugJ0&t=72e85ccd

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…647449?version=2647449
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/menuf…633150?version=2633150
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…861499?version=1861499
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…on=16570?version=16570
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Style…278976?version=2278976
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Style…178778?version=1178778

priority - 22Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://ad.sxp.smartclip.net/img/trpx.gif (expiration not specified)
https://load.s3.amazonaws.com/pixel.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…thena-swan-award-1.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…7-cropped-190x1452.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…te-cropped-364x328.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…e/estatemodel-crop.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…ts-cropped-190x145.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/default-listing-img.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/royalhollowaylogo.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Images/social-mobile-add.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…ial-mobile-comment.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…s/sprite-followus1.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/MenuFiles/searchIcons2.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Styles/600-Print.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/graphics/2016/cufflinks.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandeve…ng-cropped-364x328.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/staff/assets/img/n…st-cropped-364x328.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studyhere/graphics…er-cropped-190x145.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WV4V85 (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://mathid.mathtag.com/d/i.js (60 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/CachedImage.axd?Im…idth=50&ImageHeight=50 (12 hours)

priority - 15Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 141.9KiB (67% reduction).

Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1862398&build=831596 could save 64.2KiB (63% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…sion=3305&build=831596 could save 22.2KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2607673&build=831596 could save 18.5KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…ersion=76&build=831596 could save 16.4KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1860894&build=831596 could save 14.5KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2417848&build=831596 could save 3.2KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing https://pixel.mathtag.com/event/js?01AD=34ZLvOTQ2z…aW51eCBhcm12OGx8%22%7D could save 1.2KiB (55% reduction).
Compressing https://pixel.mathtag.com/event/js?01AD=34ZLvOTQ2z…&s2=&s3=&mm_bnc&mm_bct could save 1.1KiB (56% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2613462&build=831596 could save 632B (61% reduction).

priority - 10Avoid landing page redirects

Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.

Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.

http://rhul.ac.uk/
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/
https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/home.aspx

priority - 2Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 23.1KiB (18% reduction).

Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandeve…ng-cropped-364x328.jpg could save 17.3KiB (20% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Image…thena-swan-award-1.png could save 4.8KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/MenuFiles/searchIcons2.png could save 1KiB (41% reduction).

priority - 1Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 11.4KiB (34% reduction).

Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/style…647449?version=2647449 could save 10.6KiB (35% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/siteelements/menuf…633150?version=2633150 could save 772B (24% reduction) after compression.

priority - 1Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 6.5KiB (32% reduction).

Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2417848&build=831596 could save 2.6KiB (56% reduction).
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=1865353&build=831596 could save 1.5KiB (31% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…033345293&build=831596 could save 657B (33% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/SiteElements/Scrip…n=2640100&build=831596 could save 625B (28% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://pixel.mathtag.com/event/js?01AD=34ZLvOTQ2z…aW51eCBhcm12OGx8%22%7D could save 621B (28% reduction).
Minifying https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/WebResource.axd?d=…1&t=635793063671809273 could save 524B (12% reduction) after compression.

rhul.ac.uk Mobile Resource Breakdown

Total Resources113
Number of Hosts39
Static Resources41
JavaScript Resources25
CSS Resources8

rhul.ac.uk mobile page usability

Last tested: 2016-10-14


Mobile Usability Good
100/100

rhul.ac.uk HTML validation

Errors

Text not allowed in element “iframe” in this context.

Line: 92 Column: 61 - 66
"...y:hidden">&nbsp;</ifra..."

Named character reference was not terminated by a semicolon. (Or “&” should have been escaped as “&amp;”.)

Line: 371 Column: - 83
"...s/">Events &amp reunions</a></..."

Warnings

The “name” attribute is obsolete. Consider putting an “id” attribute on the nearest container instead.

Line: 728 Column: 3 - 20
"...mment"> <a name="comment"></a><d..."

rhul.ac.uk similar domains

Similar domains:
www.rhul.com
www.rhul.net
www.rhul.org
www.rhul.info
www.rhul.biz
www.rhul.us
www.rhul.mobi
www.hul.ac.uk
www.rhul.ac.uk
www.ehul.ac.uk
www.rehul.ac.uk
www.erhul.ac.uk
www.dhul.ac.uk
www.rdhul.ac.uk
www.drhul.ac.uk
www.fhul.ac.uk
www.rfhul.ac.uk
www.frhul.ac.uk
www.thul.ac.uk
www.rthul.ac.uk
www.trhul.ac.uk
www.rul.ac.uk
www.rbul.ac.uk
www.rhbul.ac.uk
www.rbhul.ac.uk
www.rgul.ac.uk
www.rhgul.ac.uk
www.rghul.ac.uk
www.ryul.ac.uk
www.rhyul.ac.uk
www.ryhul.ac.uk
www.ruul.ac.uk
www.rhuul.ac.uk
www.ruhul.ac.uk
www.rjul.ac.uk
www.rhjul.ac.uk
www.rjhul.ac.uk
www.rnul.ac.uk
www.rhnul.ac.uk
www.rnhul.ac.uk
www.rhl.ac.uk
www.rhyl.ac.uk
www.rhuyl.ac.uk
www.rhhl.ac.uk
www.rhuhl.ac.uk
www.rhhul.ac.uk
www.rhjl.ac.uk
www.rhujl.ac.uk
www.rhil.ac.uk
www.rhuil.ac.uk
www.rhiul.ac.uk
www.rhu.ac.uk
www.rhup.ac.uk
www.rhulp.ac.uk
www.rhupl.ac.uk
www.rhuo.ac.uk
www.rhulo.ac.uk
www.rhuol.ac.uk
www.rhuk.ac.uk
www.rhulk.ac.uk
www.rhukl.ac.uk

rhul.ac.uk Ping

Ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer that are echoed back to the source.


rhul.ac.uk TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route (path); the sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. Traceroute proceeds unless all (three) sent packets are lost more than twice, then the connection is lost and the route cannot be evaluated.