oup.com Website Information
Daily Unique Visits: 9,016,960
Daily Page Views: 72,135,680
Income Per Day: $72,136
Estimated Value: $77,906,880
This website is located in Netherlands and is using following IP address 193.67.163.111. See the complete list of popular websites hosted in Netherlands.
oup.com is registered under .COM top-level domain. Please check other sites in .COM zone.
Website oup.com is using the following name servers:
- dns0.us.hub.oup.com
- dns0.uk.hub.oup.com
- dns1.uk.hub.oup.com
and is probably hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US. See the full list of other websites hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US.
The highest website oup.com position in Alexa rank database was 165 and the lowest rank position was 182. Current position of oup.com in Alexa rank database is 169.
Desktop speed score of oup.com (41/100) is better than the results of 15.65% of other sites and shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
Mobile usability score of oup.com (96/100) is better than the results of 46.59% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.
Mobile speed score of oup.com (33/100) is better than the results of 12.14% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
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oup.com Alexa Rank
The traffic rank is based on three months of aggregated historical traffic data from millions of Alexa Toolbar users and is a combined measure of page views and users.
oup.com whois
WHOIS gives you the ability to lookup any generic domains to find out the registered domain holder. WHOIS database are provided for information purposes only. It allows the public to check whether a specific domain name is still available or not and to obtain information related to the registration records of existing domain names.
Domain Name: OUP.COM
Registry Domain ID: 906930_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.corporatedomains.com
Registrar URL: http://cscdbs.com
Updated Date: 2023-10-03T16:16:45Z
Creation Date: 1998-02-23T05:00:00Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2025-02-22T05:00:00Z
Registrar: CSC Corporate Domains, Inc.
Registrar IANA ID: 299
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: domainabuse@cscglobal.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: 8887802723
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: NS-1127.AWSDNS-12.ORG
Name Server: NS-1909.AWSDNS-46.CO.UK
Name Server: NS-357.AWSDNS-44.COM
Name Server: NS-978.AWSDNS-58.NET
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2024-09-09T12:51:09Z
Registry Domain ID: 906930_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.corporatedomains.com
Registrar URL: http://cscdbs.com
Updated Date: 2023-10-03T16:16:45Z
Creation Date: 1998-02-23T05:00:00Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2025-02-22T05:00:00Z
Registrar: CSC Corporate Domains, Inc.
Registrar IANA ID: 299
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: domainabuse@cscglobal.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: 8887802723
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: NS-1127.AWSDNS-12.ORG
Name Server: NS-1909.AWSDNS-46.CO.UK
Name Server: NS-357.AWSDNS-44.COM
Name Server: NS-978.AWSDNS-58.NET
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2024-09-09T12:51:09Z
oup.com server information
Servers Location
oup.com desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2017-05-20
Desktop Speed
Bad
41/100
oup.com Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 99Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 966KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/inspire_klf could save 369.5KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 could save 241.3KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 could save 192KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg could save 51.7KiB (91% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png could save 32.2KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png could save 31.3KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg could save 29KiB (85% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/corporate_films_fillslot could save 12.4KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg could save 6.7KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 could save 241.3KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 could save 192KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg could save 51.7KiB (91% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png could save 32.2KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png could save 31.3KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg could save 29KiB (85% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/corporate_films_fillslot could save 12.4KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg could save 6.7KiB (69% reduction).
priority - 30Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 288.4KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js could save 58.4KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/?cc=us could save 53.2KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js could save 43KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js could save 23.6KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css could save 20.8KiB (92% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css could save 18.2KiB (76% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js could save 15.1KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js could save 13.7KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js could save 8.3KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js could save 8.1KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg could save 4KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js could save 3.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js could save 3.5KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css could save 2.9KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js could save 2.9KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js could save 2.2KiB (89% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js could save 2KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css could save 1.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js could save 738B (48% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css could save 728B (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css could save 719B (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowDownWhite.svg could save 565B (35% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/?cc=us could save 53.2KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js could save 43KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js could save 23.6KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css could save 20.8KiB (92% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css could save 18.2KiB (76% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js could save 15.1KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js could save 13.7KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js could save 8.3KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js could save 8.1KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg could save 4KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js could save 3.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js could save 3.5KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css could save 2.9KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js could save 2.9KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js could save 2.2KiB (89% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js could save 2KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css could save 1.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js could save 738B (48% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css could save 728B (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css could save 719B (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowDownWhite.svg could save 565B (35% reduction).
priority - 16Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/corporate_films_fillslot (63.9 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/flags/usflag.gif (90.3 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 (91.1 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowPlusWhite.svg (101.6 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 (107 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg (2.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowDownWhite.svg (2.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowUpBlack.svg (2.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js (13 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js (13 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js (13.1 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css (13.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css (13.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js (14.1 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css (14.1 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css (14.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js (14.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css (14.5 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png (14.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png (14.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg (15 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js (15.4 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js (17.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg (17.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/inspire_klf (17.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg (19.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/flags/usflag.gif (90.3 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 (91.1 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowPlusWhite.svg (101.6 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 (107 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg (2.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowDownWhite.svg (2.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowUpBlack.svg (2.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js (13 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js (13 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js (13.1 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css (13.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css (13.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js (14 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js (14.1 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css (14.1 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css (14.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js (14.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css (14.5 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png (14.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png (14.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg (15 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js (15.4 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js (17.2 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg (17.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/inspire_klf (17.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg (19.3 hours)
priority - 4Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 1 blocking script resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
priority - 3Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
http://oup.com/
http://global.oup.com/
http://global.oup.com/?cc=us
http://global.oup.com/
http://global.oup.com/?cc=us
priority - 2Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 22.4KiB (44% reduction).
Minifying http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js could save 22.4KiB (44% reduction).
priority - 2Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 15.9KiB (26% reduction).
Minifying http://global.oup.com/?cc=us could save 15.9KiB (26% reduction).
priority - 1Reduce server response time
oup.com Desktop Resource Breakdown
| Total Resources | 41 |
| Number of Hosts | 3 |
| Static Resources | 34 |
| JavaScript Resources | 14 |
| CSS Resources | 7 |
oup.com mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2017-05-18
Mobile Speed
Bad
33/100
oup.com Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 99Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 966KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/inspire_klf could save 369.5KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 could save 241.3KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 could save 192KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg could save 51.7KiB (91% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png could save 32.2KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png could save 31.3KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg could save 29KiB (85% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/corporate_films_fillslot could save 12.4KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg could save 6.7KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 could save 241.3KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 could save 192KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg could save 51.7KiB (91% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png could save 32.2KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png could save 31.3KiB (98% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg could save 29KiB (85% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/corporate_films_fillslot could save 12.4KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg could save 6.7KiB (69% reduction).
priority - 32Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 13 blocking script resources and 7 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css
priority - 30Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 288.6KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js could save 58.4KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/?cc=us could save 53.2KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js could save 43KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js could save 23.6KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css could save 20.8KiB (92% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css could save 18.2KiB (76% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js could save 15.1KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js could save 13.7KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js could save 8.3KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js could save 8.1KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg could save 4KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js could save 3.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js could save 3.5KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css could save 2.9KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js could save 2.9KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js could save 2.2KiB (89% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js could save 2KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css could save 1.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/navToggleX.svg could save 774B (55% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js could save 738B (48% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css could save 728B (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css could save 719B (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/?cc=us could save 53.2KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js could save 43KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js could save 23.6KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css could save 20.8KiB (92% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css could save 18.2KiB (76% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js could save 15.1KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js could save 13.7KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js could save 8.3KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js could save 8.1KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg could save 4KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js could save 3.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js could save 3.5KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css could save 2.9KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js could save 2.9KiB (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js could save 2.2KiB (89% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js could save 2KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css could save 1.9KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/images/navToggleX.svg could save 774B (55% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js could save 738B (48% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css could save 728B (64% reduction).
Compressing http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css could save 719B (64% reduction).
priority - 25Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/corporate_films_fillslot (42.5 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/flags/usflag.gif (66.8 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 (69.7 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 (83.5 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowUpBlack.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/navToggle.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/navToggleX.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowPlusWhite.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowRightBlack.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg (14.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css (14.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js (14.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js (16.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg (16.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg (18.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/inspire_klf (19.5 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/flags/usflag.gif (66.8 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150042 (69.7 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/8150092 (83.5 minutes)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowUpBlack.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/navToggle.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/navToggleX.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowPlusWhite.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowRightBlack.svg (2.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js (13.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js (13.7 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js (13.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css (13.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedIn.png (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/socMedTwitter.png (14.3 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/journey_fill_slot.jpg (14.6 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css (14.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js (14.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/js/webtrends.min.js (16.8 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/HP_fill_slot_Browse.jpg (16.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/About_Us_fill_slot.jpg (18.9 hours)
http://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/inspire_klf (19.5 hours)
priority - 16Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.
Only about 39% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the full HTML response.
priority - 10Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
http://oup.com/
http://global.oup.com/
http://global.oup.com/?cc=us
http://global.oup.com/
http://global.oup.com/?cc=us
priority - 2Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 22.4KiB (44% reduction).
Minifying http://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js could save 22.4KiB (44% reduction).
priority - 2Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 15.9KiB (26% reduction).
Minifying http://global.oup.com/?cc=us could save 15.9KiB (26% reduction).
priority - 1Reduce server response time
oup.com Mobile Resource Breakdown
| Total Resources | 43 |
| Number of Hosts | 3 |
| Static Resources | 36 |
| JavaScript Resources | 14 |
| CSS Resources | 7 |
oup.com mobile page usability
Last tested: 2017-05-18
Mobile Usability
Good
96/100
oup.com Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 3Size content to viewport
The page content is too wide for the viewport, forcing the user to scroll horizontally. Size the page content to the viewport to provide a better user experience.
The page content is 420 CSS pixels wide, but the viewport is only 412 CSS pixels wide. The following elements fall outside the viewport:
The element
<div class="col small-12">We use cookies…eFind out more</div> falls outside the viewport.priority - 0Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
The tap target
<a href="http://global.…/privacy?cc=us">Privacy Policy</a> and 1 others are close to other tap targets.oup.com HTML validation
Warnings
The “type” attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.
Line: 50 Column: 3 - 70
"... <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></scri..." Line: 203 Column: 8 - 75
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></scri..." Line: 205 Column: 11 - 88
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js"></scri..." Line: 206 Column: 5 - 89
"...ript> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js"></scri..." Line: 208 Column: 11 - 85
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js"></scri..." Line: 209 Column: 11 - 72
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/script.min.js"></scri..." Line: 211 Column: 5 - 67
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/remodal.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2429 Column: 2 - 66
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/mobilenav.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2430 Column: 2 - 72
".../script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2431 Column: 2 - 73
".../script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2432 Column: 9 - 80
"...> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2433 Column: 9 - 81
"...> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js"></scri..."
"... <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></scri..." Line: 203 Column: 8 - 75
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></scri..." Line: 205 Column: 11 - 88
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js"></scri..." Line: 206 Column: 5 - 89
"...ript> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js"></scri..." Line: 208 Column: 11 - 85
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js"></scri..." Line: 209 Column: 11 - 72
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/script.min.js"></scri..." Line: 211 Column: 5 - 67
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/remodal.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2429 Column: 2 - 66
"... <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/mobilenav.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2430 Column: 2 - 72
".../script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2431 Column: 2 - 73
".../script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2432 Column: 9 - 80
"...> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js"></scri..." Line: 2433 Column: 9 - 81
"...> <script type="text/javascript" src="/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js"></scri..."
The “type” attribute for the “style” element is not needed and should be omitted.
Line: 150 Column: 5 - 27
"...d --> <style type="text/css"> ..."
"...d --> <style type="text/css"> ..."
The first occurrence of ID “header” was here.
Line: 318 Column: 5 - 21
"...per"> <div id="header"> ..."
"...per"> <div id="header"> ..."
The “button” role is unnecessary for element “button”.
Line: 366 Column: 1 - 158
"... /> </a> <button class="nav-toggle js-nav-toggle" title="navigation menu" aria-label="navigation menu" role="button" aria-controls="navigation" aria-expanded="false"> <spa..."
"... /> </a> <button class="nav-toggle js-nav-toggle" title="navigation menu" aria-label="navigation menu" role="button" aria-controls="navigation" aria-expanded="false"> <spa..."
The first occurrence of ID “footer” was here.
Line: 2419 Column: 4 - 23
"... <footer id="footer"><div i..."
"... <footer id="footer"><div i..."
Consider adding a “lang” attribute to the “html” start tag to declare the language of this document.
Line: 48 Column: 16 - 6
"...TYPE html> <html> <hea..."
"...TYPE html> <html> <hea..."
Errors
Duplicate ID “header”.
Line: 319 Column: 6 - 25
"...er"> <header id="header"> ..."
"...er"> <header id="header"> ..."
Start tag “a” seen but an element of the same type was already open.
Line: 422 Column: 89 - 161
"...">About Us<A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..." Line: 422 Column: 171 - 239
"...>Follow Us<A title="Contact Us" href="http://global.oup.com/contact_us/?cc=us">Contac..." Line: 2171 Column: 98 - 170
"...out Us<li><A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..." Line: 2171 Column: 184 - 252
"...low Us<li><A title="Contact Us" href="http://global.oup.com/contact_us/?cc=us">Contac..."
"...">About Us<A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..." Line: 422 Column: 171 - 239
"...>Follow Us<A title="Contact Us" href="http://global.oup.com/contact_us/?cc=us">Contac..." Line: 2171 Column: 98 - 170
"...out Us<li><A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..." Line: 2171 Column: 184 - 252
"...low Us<li><A title="Contact Us" href="http://global.oup.com/contact_us/?cc=us">Contac..."
Element “p” not allowed as child of element “ul” in this context. (Suppressing further errors from this subtree.)
Line: 1820 Column: 1 - 3
"...</A></LI> <P> ..."
"...</A></LI> <P> ..."
Bad value “” for attribute “srcset” on element “img”: Must contain one or more image candidate strings.
Line: 1965 Column: 17 - 92
"... <img src='/system/images/banners/10999842' srcset="" alt='' sizes='100vw'/></a> ..." Line: 1992 Column: 17 - 91
"... <img src='/system/images/548558/10998836' srcset="" alt='' sizes='100vw'/></a> ..." Line: 2019 Column: 17 - 92
"... <img src='/system/images/banners/10998625' srcset="" alt='' sizes='100vw'/></a> ..."
"... <img src='/system/images/banners/10999842' srcset="" alt='' sizes='100vw'/></a> ..." Line: 1992 Column: 17 - 91
"... <img src='/system/images/548558/10998836' srcset="" alt='' sizes='100vw'/></a> ..." Line: 2019 Column: 17 - 92
"... <img src='/system/images/banners/10998625' srcset="" alt='' sizes='100vw'/></a> ..."
End tag “li” implied, but there were open elements.
Line: 2171 Column: 94 - 97
"...">About Us<li><A tit..." Line: 2171 Column: 180 - 183
"...>Follow Us<li><A tit..."
"...">About Us<li><A tit..." Line: 2171 Column: 180 - 183
"...>Follow Us<li><A tit..."
Unclosed element “a”.
Line: 2171 Column: 12 - 85
"... <li><A title="About Us" class=first href="http://global.oup.com/about/?cc=us">About ..." Line: 2171 Column: 98 - 170
"...out Us<li><A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..."
"... <li><A title="About Us" class=first href="http://global.oup.com/about/?cc=us">About ..." Line: 2171 Column: 98 - 170
"...out Us<li><A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..."
No “a” element in scope but a “a” end tag seen.
Line: 2171 Column: 98 - 170
"...out Us<li><A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..." Line: 2171 Column: 184 - 252
"...low Us<li><A title="Contact Us" href="http://global.oup.com/contact_us/?cc=us">Contac..."
"...out Us<li><A title="Follow Us" href="https://global.oup.com/contact_us/follow_us/">Follow..." Line: 2171 Column: 184 - 252
"...low Us<li><A title="Contact Us" href="http://global.oup.com/contact_us/?cc=us">Contac..."
Duplicate ID “footer”.
Line: 2419 Column: 24 - 40
"...="footer"><div id="footer"><!-- J..."
"...="footer"><div id="footer"><!-- J..."
Element “p” not allowed as child of element “span” in this context. (Suppressing further errors from this subtree.)
Line: 2423 Column: 1 - 3
"... <span> <P><SPAN>..." Line: 2424 Column: 1 - 3
"...PAN> </P> <P><A tit..."
"... <span> <P><SPAN>..." Line: 2424 Column: 1 - 3
"...PAN> </P> <P><A tit..."
Stray end tag “a”.
Line: 2423 Column: 235 - 238
"...Notice</a></A></A>&n..." Line: 2423 Column: 239 - 242
"...ce</a></A></A> ..."
"...Notice</a></A></A>&n..." Line: 2423 Column: 239 - 242
"...ce</a></A></A> ..."
The “longdesc” attribute on the “img” element is obsolete. Use a regular “a” element to link to the description.
Line: 2424 Column: 75 - 345
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=instagram_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon?link-ref=10995952" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a>&n..." Line: 2424 Column: 438 - 704
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=youtube_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon?link-ref=10995964" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a>&n..." Line: 2424 Column: 780 - 1046
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=twitter_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon?link-ref=10995961" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a>&n..." Line: 2424 Column: 1129 - 1397
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=linkedin_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon?link-ref=10995958" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a><S..."
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=instagram_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon?link-ref=10995952" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a>&n..." Line: 2424 Column: 438 - 704
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=youtube_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon?link-ref=10995964" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a>&n..." Line: 2424 Column: 780 - 1046
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=twitter_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon?link-ref=10995961" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a>&n..." Line: 2424 Column: 1129 - 1397
"...et=_blank><IMG title="" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" alt=linkedin_icon src="https://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon?link-ref=10995958" width=30 longDesc="c:\after.html" height=30></a><S..."
oup.com similar domains
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oup.com Ping
Ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer that are echoed back to the source.
oup.com TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route (path); the sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. Traceroute proceeds unless all (three) sent packets are lost more than twice, then the connection is lost and the route cannot be evaluated.