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FRONTIERSIN.ORG Frontiers | Publisher of peer-reviewed articles in open access journals

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Domain Name: FRONTIERSIN.ORG
Registry Domain ID: D116240925-LROR
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.godaddy.com
Registrar URL: http://www.whois.godaddy.com
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Registrant Organization: Frontiers Media SA
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priority - 49Leverage browser caching

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priority - 12Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 6 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

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priority - 0Minify JavaScript

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frontiersin.org Mobile Resource Breakdown

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frontiersin.org mobile page usability

Last tested: 2019-12-07

Mobile Usability Good
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frontiersin.org Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary


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The tap target <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org">Home</a> and 13 others are close to other tap targets.

frontiersin.org HTML validation

Errors

Stray end tag “link”.

Line: 61 Column: 127 - 133
"...ylesheet"></link><div c..."

Element “img” is missing required attribute “src”.

Line: 69 Column: 13 - 37
"... <img class="header-logo"> ..." Line: 85 Column: 13 - 37
"... <img class="header-logo"> ..." Line: 257 Column: 13 - 48
"... <img class="profile-pic responsive"> ..." Line: 290 Column: 13 - 45
"... <img class="profile-pic desktop"> ..." Line: 623 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-555.png' /> ..." Line: 653 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-571.png' /> ..." Line: 683 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-601.jpg' /> ..." Line: 713 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-606.jpg' /> ..." Line: 743 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-604.jpg' /> ..." Line: 773 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-603.jpg' /> ..." Line: 803 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-602.jpg' /> ..." Line: 833 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-600.jpg' /> ..." Line: 863 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-607.jpg' /> ..." Line: 893 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-605.jpg' /> ..." Line: 923 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-595.png' /> ..." Line: 953 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-593.jpg' /> ..." Line: 983 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-597.jpg' /> ..." Line: 1013 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-582.jpg' /> ..." Line: 1043 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-548.png' /> ..." Line: 1073 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-529.png' /> ..." Line: 1103 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-520.png' /> ..." Line: 1133 Column: 37 - 166
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-421.jpg' /> ..." Line: 1163 Column: 37 - 165
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-74.jpg' /> ..." Line: 1193 Column: 37 - 165
"... <img alt="" data-lazy='https://3718aeafc638f96f5bd6-d4a9ca15fc46ba40e71f94dec0aad28c.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/home-featured-87.jpg' /> ..." Line: 1264 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/979/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1276 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/27/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1288 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/981/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1302 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/603/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1314 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/7/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1326 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/452/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1340 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/921/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1352 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/755/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1364 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/403/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1378 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/3/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1390 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/325/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1402 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/601/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1416 Column: 33 - 115
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/1238/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1428 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/9/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1440 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/788/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1454 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/654/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1466 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/471/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1478 Column: 33 - 115
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/1239/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1492 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/106/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1504 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/626/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1516 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/627/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1530 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/21/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1542 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/240/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1554 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/16/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1568 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/629/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1580 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/276/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1592 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/6/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1606 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/655/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1618 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/608/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1630 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/950/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1644 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/602/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1656 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/310/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1668 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/698/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1682 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/2/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1694 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/11/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1706 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/4/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1720 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/17/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1732 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/18/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1744 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/12/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1758 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/141/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1770 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/13/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1782 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/1/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1796 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/628/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1808 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/451/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1820 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/606/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1834 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/176/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1846 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/616/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1858 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/210/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1872 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/373/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1884 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/71/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1896 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/36/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1910 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/609/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1922 Column: 33 - 115
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/1268/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1934 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/657/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1948 Column: 33 - 115
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/1213/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1960 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/604/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1972 Column: 33 - 115
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/1335/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1986 Column: 33 - 113
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/22/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 1998 Column: 33 - 112
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/5/thumbnail"> ..." Line: 2010 Column: 33 - 114
"... <img class="media-object" alt="keywords" data-lazy="/image/journal/649/thumbnail"> ..."

An “img” element must have an “alt” attribute, except under certain conditions. For details, consult guidance on providing text alternatives for images.

Line: 69 Column: 13 - 37
"... <img class="header-logo"> ..." Line: 85 Column: 13 - 37
"... <img class="header-logo"> ..." Line: 126 Column: 9 - 123
"...> <img class="search-icon" src="https://api-journal.frontiersin.org/Areas/Header/Content/Images/header-search.png" /> <..." Line: 257 Column: 13 - 48
"... <img class="profile-pic responsive"> ..." Line: 290 Column: 13 - 45
"... <img class="profile-pic desktop"> ..."

Element “input” with attribute “type” whose value is “button” must have non-empty attribute “value”.

Line: 130 Column: 9 - 90
"...> <input data-test-id="search-btn" type="button" class="header-search-btn" value=""> <..."

Attribute “runat” not allowed on element “input” at this point.

Line: 208 Column: 21 - 88
"... <input runat="server" tabindex="5" name="txtLoginEmail" type="text"> ..." Line: 217 Column: 21 - 95
"... <input runat="server" tabindex="6" name="txtLoginPassword" type="password"> ..." Line: 226 Column: 25 - 101
"... <input runat="server" tabindex="7" name="chkLoginRememberMe" type="checkbox"> ..." Line: 235 Column: 25 - 93
"... <input name="hdnIsPopupLogin" runat="server" value="1" type="hidden"> ..."

The “width” attribute on the “table” element is obsolete. Use CSS instead.

Line: 323 Column: 13 - 48
"... <table id="logo-table" width="100%"> ..."

The “width” attribute on the “td” element is obsolete. Use CSS instead.

Line: 326 Column: 25 - 84
"... <tr> <td class="left-cell logo-home" width="50%" valign="bottom"> ..."

The “valign” attribute on the “td” element is obsolete. Use CSS instead.

Line: 326 Column: 25 - 84
"... <tr> <td class="left-cell logo-home" width="50%" valign="bottom"> ..."

Element “h1” not allowed as child of element “a” in this context. (Suppressing further errors from this subtree.)

Line: 416 Column: 538 - 541
"...n false;"><h1><span>..." Line: 435 Column: 394 - 397
"...n false;"><h1><span>..." Line: 454 Column: 376 - 379
"...n false;"><h1><span>..." Line: 473 Column: 390 - 393
"...n false;"><h1><span>..." Line: 492 Column: 400 - 403
"...n false;"><h1><span>..." Line: 509 Column: 402 - 405
"...n false;"><h1><span>..." Line: 527 Column: 352 - 355
"...n false;"><h1><span>..." Line: 546 Column: 348 - 351
"...n false;"><h1><span>..."

“=” in an unquoted attribute value. Probable causes: Attributes running together or a URL query string in an unquoted attribute value.

Line: 634 Column: - 165
"...sis/?utm_source=F-HPT&amp;utm_..." Line: 634 Column: - 186
"...&amp;utm_medium=WFEA&amp;utm_c..." Line: 634 Column: - 208
"...mp;utm_campaign=CCO_CORPO_2017..." Line: 639 Column: - 157
"...sis/?utm_source=F-HPT&amp;utm_..." Line: 639 Column: - 178
"...&amp;utm_medium=WFEA&amp;utm_c..." Line: 639 Column: - 200
"...mp;utm_campaign=CCO_CORPO_2017..." Line: 664 Column: - 154
"...act/?utm_source=F-HPT&amp;utm_..." Line: 664 Column: - 175
"...&amp;utm_medium=WFEA&amp;utm_c..." Line: 664 Column: - 197
"...mp;utm_campaign=CCO_CORPO_2017..." Line: 669 Column: - 146
"...act/?utm_source=F-HPT&amp;utm_..." Line: 669 Column: - 167
"...&amp;utm_medium=WFEA&amp;utm_c..." Line: 669 Column: - 189
"...mp;utm_campaign=CCO_CORPO_2017..." Line: 1054 Column: - 180
"...ard/?utm_source=F-HPT&amp;utm_..." Line: 1054 Column: - 201
"...&amp;utm_medium=WFEA&amp;utm_c..." Line: 1054 Column: - 223
"...mp;utm_campaign=MRK_SPOTLIGHT_..." Line: 1059 Column: - 172
"...ard/?utm_source=F-HPT&amp;utm_..." Line: 1059 Column: - 193
"...&amp;utm_medium=WFEA&amp;utm_c..." Line: 1059 Column: - 215
"...mp;utm_campaign=MRK_SPOTLIGHT_..."

No “p” element in scope but a “p” end tag seen.

Line: 638 Column: 172 - 175
"...ntiles</p></p> ..." Line: 668 Column: 201 - 204
"...rchers</p></p> ..." Line: 698 Column: 227 - 230
"...y</em></p></p> ..." Line: 728 Column: 209 - 212
"...e</em></p></p> ..." Line: 758 Column: 176 - 179
"...y</em></p></p> ..." Line: 788 Column: 207 - 210
"...e</em></p></p> ..." Line: 818 Column: 214 - 217
"...y</em></p></p> ..." Line: 848 Column: 193 - 196
"...future</p></p> ..." Line: 878 Column: 203 - 206
"...y</em></p></p> ..." Line: 908 Column: 205 - 208
"...e</em></p></p> ..." Line: 938 Column: 158 - 161
"...urity.</p></p> ..." Line: 968 Column: 222 - 225
"...y</em></p></p> ..." Line: 998 Column: 193 - 196
"...public</p></p> ..." Line: 1028 Column: 171 - 174
"...y</em></p></p> ..." Line: 1058 Column: 233 - 236
"...ience.</p></p> ..." Line: 1088 Column: 188 - 191
"...future</p></p> ..." Line: 1118 Column: 116 - 119
"...stones</p></p> ..." Line: 1148 Column: 203 - 206
"...</sub></p></p> ..." Line: 1178 Column: 151 - 154
"...s blog</p></p> ..." Line: 1208 Column: 216 - 219
"...earch.</p></p> ..."

Warnings

Empty heading.

Line: 414 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..." Line: 433 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..." Line: 452 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..." Line: 471 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..." Line: 490 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..." Line: 507 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..." Line: 525 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..." Line: 544 Column: 33 - 59
"... <h2 class="carousel-title"> ..."

This document appears to be written in English. Consider adding “lang="en"” (or variant) to the “html” start tag.

Line: 2 Column: 16 - 6
"...TYPE html> <html> <head..."

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frontiersin.org Ping

Ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer that are echoed back to the source.

frontiersin.org TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route (path); the sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. Traceroute proceeds unless all (three) sent packets are lost more than twice, then the connection is lost and the route cannot be evaluated.